安装一些依赖。
sudo apt update
sudo apt install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gnupg lsb-release
在国内的网络环境下，如果使用官方的源来安装docker，下载安装包的过程就非常慢，所以这里使用阿里云源安装
添加阿里云 GPG 密钥
curl -fsSL http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
设置 stable 仓库
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
安装 Docker
sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
设置非root用户的权限
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
如果你直接使用root用户这一步可以不做，如果是其他用户，如果不做这一步，后面操作docker命令就都带上sudo，也是可以的；另外，需要重新登录用户才能生效。
启动服务：
systemctl start docker
验证一下
sudo docker run hello-world
输出：
[huan@8500t ~]# docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
c1ec31eb5944: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:ac69084025c660510933cca701f615283cdbb3aa0963188770b54c31c8962493
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
- The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
- The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
(amd64) - The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
executable that produces the output you are currently reading. - The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
to your terminal.
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https://hub.docker.com/
For more examples and ideas, visit:
https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
安装 Docker Compose（可选）
sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/v2.23.
3/docker-compose-linux-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
实际上就是从github的releases中下载对应系统版本的docker-compose程序文件，授予执行权限即可。